Antararaashtreey Sambandh/Rajniti
Antararaashtreey Sambandh vibhinn deshon ke beech sambandhon ka adhyayan hai, saath hee saath samprabhu raajyon, antar-sarakaaree sangathanon, antararaashtreey gair sarakaaree sangathanon, gair-sarakaaree sangathanon aur bahuraashtreey kampaniyon (kampaniyon) kee bhoomika ka bhee adhyayan hai. antararaashtreey sambandh (antararaashtreey sambandh) ko kabhee-kabhee antararaashtreey adhyayan (intaraneshanal stadeej) ke roop mein bhee jaana jaata hai, haalaanki donon shabd pooree tarah se paryaay nahin hain.
saadhaaran shabdon mein antararaashtreey raajaneeti ka arth hai raajyon ke madhy raajaneeti karana. yadi raajaneeti ke arth ka adhyayan karen to teen pramukh tatv saamane aate hain - (ka) samoohon ka astitv; (kh) samoohon ke beech sahamati; tatha (ga) samoohon dvaara apane hiton kee poorti. is aashay ko yadi antararaashtreey star par aakalan karen to ye teen tatv mukhyroop se
(1) raajyon ka astitv;
(2) raajyon ke beech sangharsh; tatha
(3) apane raashtrahiton kee poorti hetu shakti ka prayog aate hain .
atah antararaashtreey raajaneeti un kriyaon ka adhyayan karana hai jisake antargat raajy apane raashtr hiton kee poorti hetu shakti ke aadhaar par sangharsharat rahate hain. is sandarbh mein raashtreey hit antararaashtreey raajaneeti ke pramukh lakshy hote hain; sangharsh isaka disha nirdesh tay karatee hai; tatha shakti is uddeshy praapti ka pramukh saadhan maana jaata hai.
uparokt paribhaashaon ke aadhaar par antararaashtreey raajaneeti ke svaroop ke baare mein nimn nishkarsh saamane aate hain.
(1) in paribhaashaon se ek baat bilkul spasht roop se prakat hotee hai ki antararaashtreey raajaneeti abhee bhee badalaav ke daur se gujar rahee hai. isake badalaav kee prakriya abhee sthaee roop se sthaapit nahin huee hai. apitu yah apane vishay kshetr ke baare mein aaj bhee naveen prayogon evan vishayon ke samaavesh se judee huee hain.
(2) ek any baat yah ubhar kar aa rahee hai ki antararaashtreey sthiti bahut jatil hai. isake adhyayan hetu bahuaayaamee prayaason kee aavashyakata hotee hai.
(3) yah nishchit hai ki antararaashtreey raajaneeti ke adhyayan ka kendr bindu raajy hee hai, parantu yah bhee kaaphee had tak sahee hai ki isake antargat raajyon ke atirikt vibhinn sangathanon, samudaayon, sansthaon aadi ka adhyayan karana ati anivaary ho gaya hai.
(4) antararaashtreey raajaneeti ke adhyayan hetu vibhinn staron evan aayaamon ka adhyayan aavashyak hai. atah is vishay ka adhyayan antatah anushaasakeey aadhaar par adhik kushalataapoorvak ho sakata hai.
(5) isake adhyayan hetu naveen drshtikonon kee utpatti ho rahee hai. jaise-jaise antararaashtreey raajaneeti mein badalaav aata hai usake adhyayan evan saamaanyeekaran hetu naye upaagamon kee aavashyakata hotee hai. udaaharanasvaroop, dviteey vishvayuddh ke baad jahaan yathaarthavaad, vyavasthaavaadee, kreeda, saudebaajee, tatha nirnayaparak upaagamon kee uttpatti huee, usee prakaar ab uttar sheetayuddh yug mein uttar aadhunikaran, vishv vyavastha, kritikal siddhaant aadi kee utpatti huee. bhaavee vishv mein bhee vaishveekaran va isase jude muddon par naye upaagamon ke kaaryarat hone kee vyaapak sambhaavanaen hain.
keneth thaampasan ne san 1962 ke rivyoo oph politiks mein prakaashit apane lekh mein antararaashtreey raajaneeti ke itihaas ko chaar bhaagon mein baanta hai, jisake aadhaar par is vishay ka suspasht evan sunishchit adhyayan sambhav ho sakata hai. vikaas ke in chaar charanon mein sheetayuddhottar yug ke paanchaven charan ko bhee sammilit kiya ja sakata hai. inaka vistrt varnan nimn prakaar se hai.
(1) kootaneetik itihaas ka prabhutv, (praarambh se 1919 tak)
(2) saamayik ghatanaon/samasyaon ka adhyayan, (1919 - 1939)
(3) raajaneetik sudhaaravaad ka yug, (1939 - 1945)
(4) saiddhaantikaran ke prati aagrah, (1945 - 1991)
(5) vaishveekaran va gair-saiddhaanteekaran ka yug, (1991 - 2003)
